146. LRU Cache

Design a data structure that follows the constraints of a Least Recently Used (LRU) cache

Example 1:

• Input: ``
• Output: ``
• Explanation: Input [“LRUCache”, “put”, “put”, “get”, “put”, “get”, “put”, “get”, “get”, “get”] [[2], [1, 1], [2, 2], [1], [3, 3], [2], [4, 4], [1], [3], [4]] Output [null, null, null, 1, null, -1, null, -1, 3, 4] Explanation LRUCache lRUCache = new LRUCache(2); lRUCache.put(1, 1); // cache is {1=1} lRUCache.put(2, 2); // cache is {1=1, 2=2} lRUCache.get(1); // return 1 lRUCache.put(3, 3); // LRU key was 2, evicts key 2, cache is {1=1, 3=3} lRUCache.get(2); // returns -1 (not found) lRUCache.put(4, 4); // LRU key was 1, evicts key 1, cache is {4=4, 3=3} lRUCache.get(1); // return -1 (not found) lRUCache.get(3); // return 3 lRUCache.get(4); // return 4

Constraints:

• 1 <= capacity <= 3000
• 0 <= key <= 10^4
• 0 <= value <= 10^5
• At most 2 * 10^5 calls will be made to get and put.

Approach

Solution

class Node:
    def __init__(self, key=0, value=0):
        self.key = key
        self.value = value
        self.prev = None
        self.next = None


class LRUCache:
    def __init__(self, capacity: int):
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.cache = {}
        self.head = Node()
        self.tail = Node()
        self.head.next = self.tail  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
        self.tail.prev = self.head  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]

    def _remove_node(self, node):
        prev_node = node.prev
        next_node = node.next
        prev_node.next = next_node
        next_node.prev = prev_node

    def _add_node(self, node):
        # Insert just before the tail (most recent at end)
        node.next = self.tail
        node.prev = self.tail.prev
        self.tail.prev.next = node  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
        self.tail.prev = node

    def get(self, key: int) -> int:
        if key not in self.cache:
            return -1

        node = self.cache[key]
        self._remove_node(node)
        self._add_node(node)
        return node.value

    def put(self, key: int, value: int) -> None:
        if key in self.cache:
            node = self.cache[key]
            node.value = value
            self._remove_node(node)
            self._add_node(node)
        else:
            new_node = Node(key, value)
            self.cache[key] = new_node
            self._add_node(new_node)

            if len(self.cache) > self.capacity:
                lru = self.head.next  # Oldest node is next to the head
                self._remove_node(lru)
                del self.cache[lru.key]  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]


# Your LRUCache object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = LRUCache(capacity)
# param_1 = obj.get(key)
# obj.put(key,value)

Explanation